Scientists Discover Violation of 1931 Thermodynamic Principle

The cell model of ion-exchange membranes reveals violations of the Onsager reciprocity principle, particularly at high electrolyte concentrations, highlighting the importance of accounting for asymmetric transport coefficients. Ion-exchange membranes are widely used in electrochemical and separation processes, and accurate modeling of their transport properties is essential. A new study published in the journal Asymmetry demonstrates [...]

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